Families in which only one parent lives in the home and is solely responsible for the day-to-day rearing of the children. Single-parent families may result from the death of or abandonment by the spouse, from divorce and from out-of-wedlock childbearing. About 21% of America’s more than 80 million children (under 18 years old) live with a single parent (more than 80% with their mother). When last measured by the Department of Education, the educational achievement of students from single-parent families ranged from 3% to 6% below that of children from two-parent homes. However, the results may be skewed by other factors, such as the economic, social and cultural levels of single- parent homes, for which no breakdown in scores was provided. About 44.5% of the nearly 17 million children from single-parent homes are either black (28.5%) or Hispanic (16%) students, whose academic achievement ranks significantly below those of whites and, therefore, may have lowered the overall average of the group. As such, therefore, the available statistics give no indication of what, if any, effects of living in a single-parent home has on academic achievement and whether these students’ achievement differs from that of comparable students in two-parent homes.
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