Bushido

Bushido is an ethical system based on the relationship between a samurai warrior and his overlord. The essential feature of this ethic is the relationship between master and vassal, with allegiance owed to the master by the samurai and care owed to the vassal warrior by the master. The master-vassal association, the core of Bushido, is reflected in the Japanese model of corporate management—that is, the spirit of devotion by employees for the sake of the company culture while the company (the master) shows the employees mercy and sympathy in ways such as lifetime employment, the seniority-centered employment system, and the “ringi system” of decision making. The latter is based on the rule of consensus, which encourages employee teamwork and unity in spirit. Furthermore, it leads employees to share fundamental values of “mutual trust and mutual responsibility” as if the company were a feudal domain. It should be noted, however, that Japanese corporate management and governance are evolving, embracing both Bushido and Anglo-American models of corporate management and governance.

The term Bushi, or samurai, can be traced back to the middle of the Heian period (782–1191). However, there was no such term Bushido. The ethics of the samurai in the Japanese medieval world (1192–1603) and the word Bushido (Bu = military, shi = knight, do = ways) were coined during the early times of the Tokugawa Shogunate (1603–1867). And the moral path that the Bushi, the warriors, were required to observe has been passed on for more than 800 years.

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